1977 : Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
1978 : Assistant Professor in National Veterinary School of Toulouse
1980- 1981 : Pasteur Institute Diplomate in Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology
1984 : Associate Professor in National Veterinary School of Nantes
2000 : Full Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, in National Veterinary School of Nantes
